Romeo and Juliet Essay - Misconceptions Between Love and Lust free essay sample

Romeo has himself, alongside the crowd for a brief timeframe accepting that he is infatuated with Rosaline. Be that as it may, at the very sight of Juliet, he in a split second professes to be enamored and leaves the crowd thinking about how he overlooked Rosaline, a lady he probably cherished so rapidly. This leads the crowd to consider that Romeo didn't feel genuine romance for Rosaline, consequently scrutinizing the idea of this total, energetic love he feels for Juliet, and further driving the crowd to accept that Romeo and Juliet may not even Ferri 2 e thought about a romantic tale, yet a disaster because of the error among affection and desire with numerous components of fixation in the middle. The play begins with Romeo professing to be in a condition of complete love with Rosaline. Nonetheless, as he begins to clarify the difficulties of this adoration with his cousin Benvolio, it turns out to be certain that Rosaline doesn't feel a similar path about Romeo, as she doesn't ha ve the foggiest idea what his identity is. This tells the crowd that what Romeo is believing is fixation and desire, nothing as profound and exceptional as adoration ought to be marked as. His affections for Rosaline have been carefully made and become off seeing her, yet have not created in some other structure, then again, actually he thinks about her as an excellent lady who has purportedly won his love. As Benvolio tunes in to Romeo clarify his fixation on Rosaline, Benvolio asks Romeo for what reason he has decided to adore Rosaline. To which Romeo repliesâ€Å"Well, in that hit you miss: shell not be hit,â with Cupids bolt; she hath Dians mind, And, in solid confirmation of celibacy well armd, from cherishes feeble whimsical bow she lives unharmd.  (Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet,I,I,215-223). Romeo depicts how Rosaline has not been â€Å"hit with cupids bow† implying that she presently can't seem to experience passionate feelings for him, nor will she ever. Additionally this section gives the crowd evidence that Romeo is enamored with simply her looks, and the absence of her character attributes being portrayed just affirms the contention that Romeo is just captivated by Rosaline. Notwithstanding, the captivation by Rosaline appears to give Romeo another point of view on what he should feel when he cherishes somebody, letting him accept that when he meets Juliet, it was genuine romance. Ferri 3 In the play, Romeo isn't the one in particular who is believed to be in this condition of fixation. Much the same as himself, Paris the man who is pledged to Juliet, accepts he has a type of a caring inclination towards Juliet. The crowd can as it were, make the understanding that affection may not be a legitimate subject in the play and falling or being overwhelmed by adoration by just seeing each other, doesn't coordinate, nor approach the genuine significance of profound, sympathetic love. A likelihood that adoration is turning out to be genuine is when Romeo and Juliet have their second experience in the Capulet’s yard, after the gathering where the two of them previously fell into the daze of desire with each other. It is here that Romeo and Juliet start this romantic tale that enamors the peruser into thinking about that the two darlings are becoming the once in a while knew about adoration for one another. As the discussion between the two creates, marriage has just been declared and the sentiment of adoration has been communicated â€Å"R: O, wither thou leave me so unsatisfied? J: What fulfillment canst thou have today around evening time? R: The trading of thy love’s reliable pledge for mine. J: I gave thee mine before thou didst demand it; but then I would it were to give once more. † (Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, II, II, 133-136) The crowd, right now, is trapped in the surprise of how much profundity and feeling these two case to feel around each other that it is dismissed how the two just met hours prior. As the two characters appear to feel love and love between one another, consideration on  Romeos unexpected love and fixation on Rosaline represents the subject of Romeos conceivable need Ferri 4 of genuine romance towards Juliet. Additionally Juliet is depicted to be not yet fourteen â€Å"My youngster is an outsider on the planet, she hath not seen the difference in fourteen years† (Shakespeare, I, II, 8-9). By her dad essentially expressing that Juliet is an outsider on the planet he is telling Paris, she isn't yet prepared for adoration or marriage as she doesn't and couldn't comprehend the importance behind the two. he is simply going into her young years and most, if not all youngsters in her and our general public don't have a clue, comprehend, or even experience the submitted, incredible inclination that affection for a critical other is. Albeit both wind up ending it all on the grounds that the idea of not having the other in their carries on with was unbelievable, mindlessness was taken by the two characters, as by essentially being in the opportune spot at an inappropriate time caused this account of uniting two hating families by a common love, into turning into a catastrophe as these two darlings would end their lives to remain in forever with the other. The discussion on whether Shakespeare made a romantic tale between two â€Å"star cross’d lovers† whose destiny lead them down a way of demolition proceeds as ages go over the play. Understandings are generally extraordinary similar to every single viewpoint on the piece. Much proof in the play itself sparkles a light on the fantasy of both Romeo and Juliet being in this unbreakable, biting the dust love. By and by, by Shakespeare utilizing this figment, relatively few investigate the diminish, ill defined situation of the daze of desire that is the thing that might be the genuine inclination between the two sweethearts. Love is certainly not an unmistakable thing; you can not hold or contact it. Anyway it is an association between two individuals that have gained from agony and preliminary to locate the real demonstration of adoration. One could contend Ferri 5 that Romeo and Juliet were rarely enamored. That neither had the ability to discover genuine love, and by considering this announcement, expressing that these two lamentable darlings lives, were nothing in contrast with a credible romantic tale.

Divorce and Child's Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Separation and Child's Welfare - Essay Example Exceptionally compelling would be the scholarly exhibition of offspring of separation as far as sexual orientation distinction and age. With the associate of social and formative speculations, the various contentions can be analyzed. The examination intends to discover to prove that separation influences kids adversely utilizing connection hypothesis, job hypothesis and frameworks hypothesis as an analytical structure. The aftereffects of the examination are required to yield important data that can frame the calculated hypothetical establishment of elective social work intercessions to ease the situation of influenced kids. The sacredness of Matrimony is dependent upon different weights of present day living. A few couples started in married rapture just to discover later in the marriage of their failure to adapt to different encumbrances that accompany the bundle. The outcomes of partition as of now profoundly affect couples. What more on kids that comes as the result of that association Separation, as indicated by Guttmann (1993), was a manifestation of social infection (p.2). The general's conclusion is partitioned. Some would advocate that separation has positive results while others would contend that the predominance of separation just mitigates social rot. Clashing qualities result between societies that acknowledge separate as a need and societies that think about separation as disintegration of good codes. Social orders that consider separate as an adequate answer for differing couples gave laws that would supervise the usage of the separation conditions. Notwithstanding, in spite of the nearness of these laws, numerous dads burdened with the money related weight of accommodating the disintegrated association has delivered a few negative results. The failure to offer money related help to the family has left his youngsters needing financial help. The loss of one parent has set more weights on the family. The single-parent without the advantage of the monetary help from the alienated companion is compelled to turn to different intends to help the kids. Beside the loss of monetary help as an outcome of separation, the passing of a parent that ought to have been a piece of the essential social unit has put undue weights on the offspring of the association. As of late, a few specialists noticed a decrease in the impacts of association disintegration on kids. Amato (2001) credited the decrease to the all the more pleasing society on the event of separation and the disgrace related with conjugal disintegration is diminished. Also, outside intercession programs were increasingly compelling and open as of late (Brown, Young and Allen 2003). The shame of separation has worn off. Greater part has acknowledged separation as an outcome of unavoidable conditions. Kids ought not be in a family unit where clashes between guardians are an ordinary event. It will profit the youngsters more in the event that they are expelled from such a situation. The two guardians ought to concur on how

Symbolism in Metamorphosis Essay Example

Imagery in Metamorphosis Essay Written in 1912 by Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis resembles a personal bit of composing in light of the fact that the significant pieces of the story look like Kafka’s own life. Be that as it may, it's anything but a straight collection of memoirs and Kafka has dexterously composed the story, assembling an incredible realities, however utilizing secretive images. These images convey various subjects, however the significant topic is the status of a man in the public eye when he becomes isolated.This is the manner by which Kafka starts his story †â€Å"As Gregor Samsa got up one morning from uncomfortable dreams he wound up changed in his bed into a monstrous insect.†[1] This is one of the most well known first sentences in present day writing. There is no development, no strain, yet only an immediate blast †our saint is currently a creepy crawly. From the subsequent sentence, the creepy crawly turns into our saint and it stays until the finish of the story. Su bsequently, from the absolute first sentence Kafka utilizes imagery, which from the outset sight sounds exceptionally weird and silly. In any case, as the story proceeds onward, we not just acknowledge the change of our saint into a creepy crawly, yet we likewise feel compassion toward his state. Kafka has composed the story in such a practical style, that we can picture everything, and can envision it occurring in genuine life.This change of Gregor into a creepy crawly is an image, which implies that occasionally a person’s life turns out to be disappointing to such an extent that he begins feeling like a defenseless and disconnected bug. Gregor’s transformation demonstrates his various estrangements from his activity, from the general public, from his family, from humankind, and even from his body.Gregor doesn't freeze on his change. His lone concern is the way to return to work. He needs to get the 5 a.m. train of course, yet since he dozes until 6:30, he chooses to get the 7 a.m. train, however before that, the main agent shows up there. Gregor feels irate that simply because he has squandered 60 minutes, the organization is providing reason to feel ambiguous about doubt him. This accentuation on time represents the entrepreneur world, where time is as important as cash. Sitting around by dozing until late, an individual misses business, and in this manner squanders cash. Later we discover Gregor’s mother saying to the agent that entire day Gregor considers work just and doesn't go out even at night. This demonstrates the manner in which a cutting edge industrialist society imagines that any action, regardless of how great it is, is futile in the event that it doesn't gain cash, and the time along these lines devoured is pointless time.When Gregor’s mother tells the agent that Gregor is sick, the main assistant answers, â€Å"we men of business luckily or sadly all the time basically need to overlook any slight indisposition, s ince business must be gone to to.[2] His announcement is an image for the standard of the advanced entrepreneur society, where sickness is a wrongdoing, and the evil representative is the guilty party of squandering company’s cash. That is the reason Gregor isn't that much stressed on his abrupt change. His more prominent concern is the means by which to return to work. Nonetheless, since he was unable to return to work, as a discipline, he isn't just estranged from his activity, yet in addition from the general public that depends on cash and time. Cash gets the essential significance in this general public, and anyone who doesn't work is immaterial and pointless. Stanlay Cargold has appropriately stated, â€Å"The Metamorphosis can likewise be viewed as a response against average society and its requests. Gregors show physical division may speak to his distance and incoherent desires. He had been a vermin, squashed and encircled by power and schedule. He had been detained by social and financial demands.†[3]There is a photo of Gregor, in a military uniform, in the parlor. This is a next to no detail, and in first look appears to be unimportant, however this represents a profound significance. Military is a procedure that transforms a man into a profitable individual from the general public. Gregor’s previous occupation in military represents his new position in the entrepreneur society, where he is a typical and beneficial part. In view of this perfect picture of him, his family keeps his photo on the divider. For whatever length of time that he stays inside the set up request of work and trade and can bolster his family, his family feels glad for him and care about him. Kafka passes on this message when he portrays the image. â€Å"Right inverse Gregor on the divider draped a photo of himself on military assistance, as a lieutenant, hand on blade, a joyful grin all over, welcoming one to regard his uniform and military bearing.†[ 4] This announcement demonstrates that now when Gregor is a defenseless creepy crawly, he is neither helpful for society, nor for his family.In part three, Gregor’s father has returned to work power, and turns into a captive to his activity, in any event, when he is at home. â€Å"He rested completely dressed where he sat, as though he were prepared for administration at any second and even here just available no matter what to his boss. Therefore, his uniform, which was not fresh out of the plastic new to begin with, started to look grimy, in spite of all the caring consideration of the mother and sister to keep it clean. Gregor frequently spent entire nighttimes looking at the numerous oily spots on the piece of clothing, glimmering with gold fastens consistently in a high condition of clean, wherein the elderly person sat resting in extraordinary inconvenience but then very peacefully.†[5] Here, the continually sparkling metal catch is an image that speaks to the re tention of Gregor’s father into the dehumanizing industrialist framework. Simultaneously, his filthy uniform represents his debasement behind his socially helpful and servile faã §ade. The uniform is an image for the monetary request. This demonstrates how a man loses his uniqueness and character, and totally forfeits himself to the financial request. Consequently, in this entrepreneur society, you can feel harmony, yet just at the expense of losing your humanity.At one purpose of time when Gregor hears his sister, playing violin, the music contacts his heart. He understands that when he was a person, he never saw that his sister plays such an extraordinary music. This gives Gregor a feeling of fulfillment, and he thinks his transformation is a sort of gift for him. This emblematically implies on the off chance that one needs to feel like a genuine person, he should defy socially adequate behavior.â€Å"On page 11 Gregor answers his dads solicitation to open the entryway wi th a reasonable No. The reaction creates a paralyzed quiet and a cry from his sister. It was the last comprehensible word Gregor could ever express. It would before long become obvious to the remainder of the world that Gregor was in reality what he himself realized he was: a social deviant.†[6] In the end when Gregor’s family finds that he is currently a futile animal and a weight for them, they truly leave Gregor to climb the dividers and kick the bucket. Thusly, Kafka is in reality notice the individuals, living in this materialistic industrialist society, that they are probably going to be trapped in Gregor-like circumstance. It is hard to escape from such a circumstance. The main route is by all accounts death.006).

Mr Brown free essay sample

Steinbeck handles the mounting pressure in an emotional manner, indicating the way that he intentionally composed the novel to be handily adjusted for the stage. Preceding the beginning of the section, we see Slim irately rebuking the recommendation that he has been with Curley’s spouse, and Curley dreadfully attempting to conciliate him. This is so hard for a man like Curley, pleased, forever tense, and feeling he needs to substantiate himself, that his indignation ejects when Carlson offers his undesirable counsel. The word ‘whirled’ promptly shows Curley’s brisk temper, as does his danger to Carlson. When Carlson affronts him further, first by chuckling at him derisively, at that point by considering him a ‘punk’ and a defeatist (‘yella as a frog belly’), Curley must be fuming. In any case, in any event, when Candy participate with his explicitly interesting affront, alluding to the gossip that Curley keeps one hand delicate for his better half, he can just ‘glare’ at him since he realizes he is dwarfed, and both Slim and Carlson are a genuine danger independently. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mr Brown or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The scene is brimming with rough language and symbolism. Curley resembles a ‘terrier’, a little, forceful canine. The words ‘slashed’, ‘smashed’ and ‘slugging’ clearly depict Curley’s steady and expertly effective assault. Slim’s irate reaction to this shamefulness likewise depicts Curley as a creature †a ‘dirty little rat’. Poor Lennie, then again, resembles a powerless sheep: ‘bleated with terror’. Not exclusively do the action words and pictures pass on the viciousness in the scene: the offending swearwords †‘God damn punk’, ‘big bastard’, ‘big child of-a-bitch’ (solid for when the novel was composed) †are instances of verbal animosity that envision the physical brutality. (b) Violence is intrinsic in the plot Of Mice and Men and in the emotional structure inside which it happens. This is on the grounds that Steinbeck is worried about the situation of the standard, abused working man, and in light of the fact that, in this novel, the danger of viciousness goes connected at the hip with the ownership of intensity. Curley is a risky figure since he is from one perspective the boss’s child, which gives him some position, and on the other a little man who hates greater men so much that he believes he needs to substantiate himself by moving them to battle. As Candy says, ‘He’s untouched picking scraps with large folks. Sort of like he’s distraught at ‘em on the grounds that he ain’t a major person. ’ There is sensational strain in his relationship with Slim, whom he can't battle on the grounds that, as Whit says, ‘Nobody realizes what Slim can do. ’ also, Slim is imperative to the farm and the manager would not have any desire to fire him. The connection among force and savagery is likewise observed with Crooks. Candy is basically indicating the acknowledgment of prejudice average in California during the 1930s when he clarifies that the supervisor takes out his outrage on Crooks on the grounds that he’s ‘a nigger’, and when he chuckles at the memory of the main time that Crooks was permitted in the bunk house †and was set upon by a white man. Indeed, even Curley’s spouse, who has next to no power on the farm, has the ability to undermine Crooks with brutality: ‘I could get you hung on a tree so natural it ain’t even clever. ’ The foundation to the novel, as related by George to remind Lennie (and uncover it to us), is additionally a savage one: the two men were constrained out of Weed by a furious crowd arranged to accept that Lennie had endeavored to assault a young lady there. This starts a trend, astutely setting us up for the chance of something comparable occurring on the farm where George and Lennie are going to work. Curley, as well, is tense from the beginning. All his non-verbal communication is that of a man who needs a battle: ‘His arms bit by bit twisted at the elbows and his hands shut into fists’, and his look is ‘at once figuring and pugnacious’. Added to this, he is in every case desirously dubious of his significant other, whom he has as of late wedded. She may not be the ‘tramp’ that George blames her for being, however we are persuaded that she will be a piece of George and Lennie’s dream crumbling. As George says, ‘There’s going to be an awful wreckage about her. ’ This is truly a deadly blend, however Steinbeck’s extraordinary force in unwinding it in the novel is standing out he causes us to foresee the result without making it self-evident. In this way, when vicious occasions happen, we have been set up for them by the telling subtleties. Therefore the executing of Candy’s hound hints George’s slaughtering of Lennie. Unexpectedly, however this appears to be a demonstration of defended brutality to the inhumane Curley and Carlson, it is in truth a sympathetic demonstration. The danger of viciousness, at that point, drives the novel, and crushes George and Lennie’s dream, however it leads to an appallingly unavoidable closure in which George supposedly is a respectable and genuine companion to the last.

archimedes :: essays research papers

Archimedes Archimedes lived during 287? - 212 B.C. The nationality of Archimedes is Greek in which he was conceived in Syracuse, Sicily. (World 605). Archimedes went to a school in Alexandria, Egypt. He was prepared by such greats as Conon and Eratosthenes. (Math 22) The zone of work that Archimedes was knows for is his work in Geometry and stargazing since his dad was a cosmologist. Archimedes is additionally known for Hydrostatics, static mechanics, pycnometry and he is known as the â€Å"father of necessary calculus.† (MCS 1). His scientific commitments are unending are as yet used right up 'til today. First there is his technique for discovering Pi, the proportion between the breadth and periphery of a circle. This was significantly required in his occasions for developers managing huge show-stoppers. He likewise figured the zone of a section of a parabola. By utilizing triangles he saw them as the bits of Geometry. There is the Archimedean winding that is as yet utilized in Egypt to deplete and fill farmland with water. It is a cylinder with a winding screw that is turned and afterward the water enter the chambers and comes out the opposite side. Other momentous works are the Sandreckoner that is the place he begins a number framework fit for communicating numbers up to 8x1016. He says this strategy can be utilized to check all the grains of sand on the planet. He was additionally known for his creation of the sling, which assisted the Greeks with there Roman issues. (Math 24). Thing that helped and thwarted Archimedes in numerical significance are concededly managed wars. For example, the Rome and Carthage war when the Romans choose to attack Syracuse. Archimedes utilized his math information to think of slings and a huge catching snares, that where snared to a switch that thusly lifted the boats out of the water and dropped them. One of the most various things that he did that managed the war was the point at which they assault, Archimedes had the Greek men hold up uncommon molded shields that were centered around the boats and when the sun hit the shields the boats went up on fire this is likewise a legend that nobody knows reality to. This thusly helped and thwart him it made him think of new thoughts however he had no opportunity to manage other thing of non-war exercises (Gap 7)

THC or Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

THC or Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print Psychoactive THC in Cannabis Delta-9-THC Is Not as Harmless as You May Think By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 29, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 18, 2020 GARO/PHANIE Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand How THC Works Amount of THC in Marijuana Is Delta-9 THC Addictive? Risks of THC THC in CBD Oil View All Back To Top THC, which stands for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or ?-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (?-9-THC), is a cannabinoid molecule in marijuana (cannabis) thats long been recognized as the main psychoactive ingredientâ€"that is, the substance that causes users to experience the marijuana high. THC is just one of more than 400 different active substancesâ€"and 60 different cannabinoid moleculesâ€"contained in marijuana, although THC is the most recognized. Another important cannabinoid molecule that has received major recognition is cannabidiol (CBD).?? How THC Works THC works by attaching to cannabinoid receptors, which have been mapped throughout the brain and nervous system. THC can be detected in the body much longer than most other drug compounds (up to 20 hours after ingestion), although the psychoactive effects only last for a few hours. Its also stored in body fat and organs for three to four weeks. Hair follicle testing may identify THC after even longer periods of time, around 90 days. Urine testing is often used but has been found to be an unreliable method of detection.?? Amount of THC in Marijuana Were definitely not dealing with the same pot as we were in the past. This is because todays marijuana is much more potent, with THC levels averaging 9.6%, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). By comparison, in the early 1990s, marijuana generally had a THC level of about 4%.?? The strength of modern high-potency strains of marijuana, such as sinsemilla (skunk) was reportedly at least four times as strong, containing about 15% THC.?? The amount of THC contained in marijuana varies by the preparation or the way that cannabis is prepared for use, such as leaf/bud, hashish, or hashish oil. THC levels can exceed 50% in products made from marijuana extracts.?? Is Delta-9 THC Addictive? Cannabis is the most common substance abused in the United States after alcohol and tobacco. Despite the belief by many chronic cannabis users that the drug is not addictive, THC tolerance and dependence have been widely documented in various studies. According to the NIDA, about 30% of people who use marijuana will become addictedâ€"and using the drug prior to age 18, when your brain is still developing, increases the likelihood of a marijuana use disorder by four- to seven-fold.?? Similar to other types of addiction, marijuana use disorder involves a preoccupation with the drug, bingeing, and symptoms of withdrawal when you cant use the drug. Risks of THC There is considerable research evidence that THC is associated with increased risk of developing psychosis, particularly among adolescents, as well as increased anxiety, learning impairment, and decreased memory formation.?? CBD, on the other hand, has been found to counter those effects, reducing anxiety, improving learning ability, and working as an antipsychotic, although much of the research is on animals according to a 2018 review of previous studies.?? When taken together, as is the case with marijuana use, CBD seems to reduce the negative effects of THC. A 2013 meta-analysis, which is a type of study that combines the results of many previous studies, found some evidence that THC may be neurotoxic, as there are differences in the brain structure of chronic marijuana users who do not have psychosis.?? One interesting point underscoring the brain changesâ€"while there is a reduction in gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex in chronic users, there is an apparent compensatory response in that there is a subsequent increase in the density of fibrous connections among remaining neurons, which may cancel out some or all of the neurotoxicity.   Research into the effects of THC (or delta-9-THC) is complicated by many factors, but there is sufficient evidence that THC can be harmful, particularly to younger people whose brains are still developing, and they should, therefore, avoid frequent use of marijuana. THC in CBD Oil With CBD popularity, there has been a major market shift toward CBD products, some of which may contain traces of THC (around 0.3% to 0.9%), depending on how theyre formulated.?? This small concentration is highly unlikely to result in a feeling of high, and some experts argue that the effectiveness of CBD is potentiated by small amounts of THC. However, if youre looking for a CBD product without any THC, be sure to seek out a source that uses third-party testing to certify the purity of the product.

Loyalty and Diversity Utilitarianism and Kant - 275 Words

Loyalty and Diversity Utilitarianism and Kant (Coursework Sample) Content: Loyalty and Diversity Utilitarianism and KantNameInstitutionCourseTutorDateQ11. Who are the major players? Who will or seems to be affected?2. What is the proposed course of action which needs to undergo evaluation to prove whether it is ethical or not?3. What does the proposed action contain?4. What is the proposed actionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s purpose?5. What are the alternative course of actions that could be taken? What are their consequences?6. Which social work values seem to be in conflict?Q2The authoritarian is one that is operationalized as strict content control by the state whereby the public lacks the freedom of criticizing state policies. Conversely, the Libertarian theory gives a description of societies whose media has unrestrained more particularly from the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s constrains. As such they have freedom to report their various views (Golash, 2010).Q3Empathy is viewed as the ability to sense the emotions of other people, as well as the ability to cre ate an imagination of the feeling or thinking of someone else at the time. Ethics and morals directs oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s decision-making, as well as regulates the way people need to behave within a certain culture (Golash, 2010).Q4Concepts of privacy include Knowledge creation, dignity and freedom. Privacy is important as it ensures limit on power, respect for individuals, reputation management and trust among others. Ethical issues with privacy include confidentiality, accessibility and security.Data collection is the acquisition of data from the field using notebooks among other tools. Data mining is the analysis of this data to come up with useful patterns. They can become used in trend analysis or marketing (Golash, 2010).Q5One can describe stereotyping as the grouping as the grouping of individuals or races and making judgment without any knowledge of them. For instance, profiling in terms of race, gender and culture (Golash, 2010). As such the media can bring about differences amo ng people including social inequality and prejudice.Q6Utilit... Loyalty and Diversity Utilitarianism and Kant - 275 Words Loyalty and Diversity Utilitarianism and Kant (Coursework Sample) Content: Loyalty and Diversity Utilitarianism and KantNameInstitutionCourseTutorDateQ11. Who are the major players? Who will or seems to be affected?2. What is the proposed course of action which needs to undergo evaluation to prove whether it is ethical or not?3. What does the proposed action contain?4. What is the proposed actionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s purpose?5. What are the alternative course of actions that could be taken? What are their consequences?6. Which social work values seem to be in conflict?Q2The authoritarian is one that is operationalized as strict content control by the state whereby the public lacks the freedom of criticizing state policies. Conversely, the Libertarian theory gives a description of societies whose media has unrestrained more particularly from the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s constrains. As such they have freedom to report their various views (Golash, 2010).Q3Empathy is viewed as the ability to sense the emotions of other people, as well as the ability to cre ate an imagination of the feeling or thinking of someone else at the time. Ethics and morals directs oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s decision-making, as well as regulates the way people need to behave within a certain culture (Golash, 2010).Q4Concepts of privacy include Knowledge creation, dignity and freedom. Privacy is important as it ensures limit on power, respect for individuals, reputation management and trust among others. Ethical issues with privacy include confidentiality, accessibility and security.Data collection is the acquisition of data from the field using notebooks among other tools. Data mining is the analysis of this data to come up with useful patterns. They can become used in trend analysis or marketing (Golash, 2010).Q5One can describe stereotyping as the grouping as the grouping of individuals or races and making judgment without any knowledge of them. For instance, profiling in terms of race, gender and culture (Golash, 2010). As such the media can bring about differences amo ng people including social inequality and prejudice.Q6Utilit...

Police Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement - 985 Words

Throughout history there has been many confrontational situations between citizens and police officers. Dating back to the 1960s during the civil rights movement, to recent events in the news that demonstrates police brutality. But does this mean that police officers aren’t doing their jobs. Could the media and social networks influence our views of the police? In my opinion it does. Police brutality has circulated media headlines for decades now. Citizens rage through the country, becoming more angry due to the outcome of police officers that use excessive force on victims are not being held accountable for it and walking away free. Studies have shown that police brutality targets more minority groups, such as Latinos and African†¦show more content†¦As an African American female being raise in a two parent household and a predominately black neighborhood, I have seen and heard so much violence pertaining police officers throughout my teenage years until now. I ve se en police officers lock my brother up in front of my face, I ve seen them slam a pregnant lady on the floor, but I never understood why. I always thought that maybe my brother had no business doing what he was doing, but the pregnant lady I felt so bad for her because she had a human inside of how do police officers are against domestic violence but yet they are out here beating pregnant ladies and slamming them into the ground. By any means am I am not here to state how bad police officers are, those are not my intensions whatsoever, however it isn t a problem with every officer out there, I just want people to know that police brutality does happen, it is very wrong and somethings has to change. Throughout history there has been many confrontational situations between citizens and police officers. Dating back to the 1960s during the civil rights movement, to recent events in the news that demonstrates police brutality. But does this mean that police officers aren’t doing th eir jobs. Could the media and social networks influence our views of the police? In my opinion it does. Police brutality has been happening throughout history, especially the ones that happened in the early days, which

The Environmental Impacts Of Fossil Fuels - 1417 Words

In recent decades, energy needs have seen unprecedented growth. Everyone is using more electricity. Currently, around 80% of the worlds’ energy consumption is supplied by fossil fuels, which include petroleum, coal, and natural gas (â€Å"Our Energy Use in Numbers†). Generally, these resources are cheap and readily available. They are arguably one of the most stable sources of energy and release high amounts of heat upon combustion, thus giving them a high calorific value (â€Å"Fossil Fuels - IER†). Unfortunately, the environmental impacts using fossil fuels are overwhelmingly negative. For example, the 900 million tons of coal burned in the US every year release nearly a trillion tons of carbon dioxide and five million tons of various nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, leading to widespread temperature increases and acid rain (â€Å"Fossil Fuels†). Often times, extraction of these resources can destroy entire ecosystems, poisoning water supplies and le aving areas uninhabitable from landscape destruction. Oil spills can leak millions of gallons of oil, devastating aquatic life for generations to come. Furthermore, this model of energy production is not at all sustainable since fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources — most researchers estimate that by the end of the 21st century, known crude oil reserves will be completely depleted, with natural gas and coal deposits following shortly thereafter (â€Å"The End of Fossil Fuels†). This will invariably lead to rising fuel and electricityShow MoreRelatedEssay on Environmental Impact of Fossil Fuels518 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Impact of Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels cause pollution, smog, and the greenhouse effect. Fossil fuels really do negatively impact our environment, especially when it comes to global warming, Although there is controversy over whether or not fossil fuels are causing the planet to warm, or whether it is warming naturally, there is significant research that supports the former hypothesis. When fossil fuels are burned, they emit different levels of carbonRead More Environmental Impacts of Fossil Fuel Use Essay606 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Impacts of Fossil Fuel Use One of the main issues involved with fossil fuels are the environmental impacts that occur from their use. These problems; such as acid rain, oil spills, climate change, global warming, etc., are not only occurring with fossil fuel usage, but are also increasing due to the increase in the use of fossil fuels. This essay will vaguely explain the area of environmental impacts from fossil fuel use, and will attempt to change, or further increase your understandingRead MoreEssay about Energy and the Environment: Fossil Fuels511 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Environment: Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels are one of the most important things on this planet to the human race. Without fossil fuels we wouldnt have todays current means of transportation, we would have less heating for the general population, energy uses would be more expensive, and overall the economy and the world would not be able to sustain themselves. Even still, the fact that fossil fuels are on this planet will never change, but how we use them and what impacts their use has willRead MoreThe Sources Of Fossil Fuels1429 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will discuss the three main fossil fuels which are oil, coal, and natural gas. This research shows how the fossil fuels are formed, where they could be found, and explain how they were formed over millions of years. This paper will show the numerous advantages of fossil fuels compared to the disadvantages and how they are hurting the Earth. Fossils fuels are critical to the function of everyday life. The world would be a different if fossil fuels and thei r uses were not to of use. Read MoreFossil Fuels And Renewable Energy Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate are at fossil fuels and renewable energy. Energy efficiency is arguably the most dire concern facing the planet, because it significantly impacts all areas of everyday life. Common ground can be found in this controversy because both parties do agree that humans have a responsibility to future generations. That responsibility is to preserve the resources of the Earth, while offering this generation energy that is affordable and accessible. Many people contend that fossil fuels, while beingRead MoreFossil Fuels : The Source Of Energy1709 Words   |  7 Pagessociety fossil fuels are the primary source of energy for most of the industrialized world. Utilizing fossil fuels has been vital to the industrialization development. Throughout industrialization of many parts of the world, energy has been needed at a much higher density then before and fossil fuels have fulfilled that need. Coal, gas, and oil are the three major sources of fossil fuels in the world. Despite other means of energy, such as wind power, hydroelectric power and so on, fossil fuels are stillRead MoreAnalysis Of Renewables Or Bust And Its Effects On Our Health And Environment?1503 Words   |  7 Pageswhat are the impacts on our health and environment?† (Fischetti). The average amount of energy consumed per person has dramatically increased over the past several hundred years (Christensen, 482). The prevalence of fossil fuel use in our world is a primary cause of these hazy conditions as well as increased pollutants in the environment which has leads to increased illnesses in humans (Fischetti). The prevalent usage of these types of fuels are the leading cause of many environmental and economicalRead MoreHow Can The United States Lessen Its Dependence On Fossil Fuels?1302 Words   |  6 PagesHow can the United States lessen its dependence on fossil fuels? Joan Milton Western Governor’s University How can the United States lessen its dependence on fossil fuels? Introduction The U.S obtains more than 84% of its energy from fossil fuels including oil, coal and natural gas. This is because people rely on it to heat their homes, power industries, run vehicles, manufacturing, and provision of electricity. It is apparent that the country’s transportation industry highly depends onRead MoreThe Drilling Of The Oil922 Words   |  4 PagesPetroleum is made into various products such as gasoline/ diesel fuel, home heating oil, fertilizers, and plastic products (Energy Quest 2012). 74 percent of our oil is used for transportation including, trucks, buses, cars, and planes (Energy Quest 2012). Drilling of the oil is a costly process and has severe effects to the environment. Drilling on land requires a lot of space, disturbing the natural animal habitats, while drilling at sea impacts surrounding marine life (ELI 2015). Petroleum is toxic andRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources Of Fossil Fuels1701 Words   |  7 Pages the world has run on fossil fuels. Fos sil fuels are critical to global energy infrastructure due to their inherent advantages and generate significant economic value as a result. However, the negative economic and environmental implications of fossil fuels demands a permanent transition towards alternative energy. The world will continue to investigate alternative energy sources and must commit to them to avoid long-term environmental degradation. Ultimately, fossil fuels are on the way out, but

Factors That Affect The Management Of A Global Workforce

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE MANAGEMENT OF A GLOBAL WORKFORCE Coca-Cola, a multi-national beverage corporation and manufacturer, started as a medicine sold in a small pharmacy that John Pemberton made in his backyard. This brand grew world wide through strategic marketing and affective global management. Managing a company globally is a tough task because there are several factors that affect a global workforce. The first challenge one may think of when determining the factors that affect the management of a global workforce may be the difference in language. This factor is actually small when compared to other differences needing to be addressed when businesses plan to become multinational. Major factors may include the differences in†¦show more content†¦This may not go so well in developed economies where demotions are more often perceived as a step toward getting fired than as a motivational tactic. These may seem like small barriers but when they re added up, these barriers can prove to be serious obstacles. If Coca Cola had a Eur ope branch manager based in Germany who wanted to hire someone in France, the paperwork that is needed to be completed would be in French and will ask for information based on French laws and customs that ll probably be unfamiliar to the German manager. If this same challenge repeats itself through the whole employee lifecycle, (from hiring, to development, to retention), the manager’s obstacles can increase dramatically and the company may drop the ball in executing the entire global plan. Differences in Educational Systems: Cheap labor doesn t necessarily mean skilled labor. Many countries can offer a large number of workers but most of these individuals will need some type of training. A company may save money by hiring cheap labor but the cost of their training may not prove to be profitable. On the same token, pulling skilled workers with higher education may be more expensive than training existing employees. Also, countries with high education standards will have regulations and laws that make it even more costly on top of higher wage requirements. When Coca Cola decided to manufacter their

Popular Music or K-Pop in South Korea - 1272 Words

South Korean popular music (shortly known as K-Pop) and its music videos are a worldwide phenomenon that effectively disseminates the Korean culture in different parts of the world. So, what is a K-Pop? The K-Pop is a musical genre that integrates a variety of music styles, such as hip-hop, RB, jazz, rap, and etc. In addition, K-Pop music video is an audiovisual element that consists not only the variety of musical styles, but also the stunning physical attributes of the singers as well. Almost all K-Pop artists can sing and dance simultaneously, which they do very well, and they all have exceptional physical attributes to lure more fans. Thus, K-Pop music video is accepted as its own music genre because it can successfully combine the musicality and the external images together to cause global sensation. One K-Pop music video I would like to discuss in this paper is Big Bang’s â€Å"Fantastic Baby†. Why is this music video globally popular? And how much impact does it bring? Big Bang’s â€Å"Fantastic Baby† is famous and attracts a global fan base because of its unique and idiosyncratic music style. Besides the music style, the music video is also famous because the five members of Big Bang have pretty or handsome/cute faces with slim or masculine physiques that attract global fans. For example, all five Big Bang members are globally popular not only because of their handsome features but also their remarkable musical talents. Especially G-Dragon is a renowned composer in theShow MoreRelatedPop Music And Its Impact On South Korea Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesK-pop is a musical genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. Although it comprises all genres of â€Å"popular music† within South Korea, the term is more often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop music covering a wide range of styles including dance-pop, pop ballad, electronic, rock, metal, hip-pop music and RB. K-pop gaining popularity in East Asia in the late 1990s, and spreading to whole Asia and World, viaRead MoreThe Korean Wave And Korean Culture980 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasing popularity of South Korean Culture around the world that started in 1997. The Korean wave started with the spread of Korean dramas across east, south and Southeast Asia and later became a global phenomenon after the creation of K-Pop music videos on YouTube. The Korean wave is made up of Korean popular music (K-Pop), Korean dramas, language, technology, and cuisine. Each one has made a significant contribution to the rise of the Korean wave. Korean popular music or K-pop has been a big factorRead MoreKorean Wave And Its Effect On The Korean Culture996 Words   |  4 Pagescontinuing to spread. K-Pop is an abbreviation of Korean pop, which has different music genres incorporated into one. K-pop includes hip-hop, electronic, rock and R’n’B music that has originated from South Korea. Korean pop music began to gain its popularity among teenagers and young adults throughout Asia. K- Pop and TV dramas have impacted the Korean Wave in different ways. K-Pop K-Pop first gained popularity in East Asia. Social media such as youtube and Facebook have made K-pop more accessible toRead MoreNorth Korea And South Korea3228 Words   |  13 Pagesthat North and South Korea share the same traditions and customs, when in fact they are complete opposites. Going back thousands of years in Korean culture, North Korea and South were just a part of the country Korea. Fast forwarding to the 1950’s the northern part of Korea started to become a communist country. America swooped in and started to shape the southern part of Korea as an ally for the United States and make them a part of the capitalist movement. After the Korean War, Korea became dividedRead MorePop And Korean Pop Music Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesK-pop, short for Korean Pop Music, is a South Korean phenomenon that is starting to spread globally thanks to the internet. K-pop has become a popular subculture among teenagers and young adults throughout Asia, and has resulted in wid espread simulation of fashion and style to be similar to Korean idol groups and singers. With this phenomenon comes something called the K-pop effect, which has led to new standards of beauty in South Korea. There is a rise in popularity of plastic surgery amongst,Read MoreSouth Kore South Korean Industry3414 Words   |  14 Pages South Korean Industry Industry is very important to a country because it is the source that produces the goods and services to satisfy the needs of people. Nowadays the country that looks distinguished in Asia is South Korea because you can see that many high brands are made in Korea. Everybody can create the brand name but the hardest thing is how to make people recognize that brand and how to break into the market. However, South Korea can do it and most of things made in Korea have aRead MoreN Pop And Western Music1005 Words   |  5 PagesK-pop and Western music are two unique and completely opposite music genres. Originating on opposite sides of the planet, and both extremely popular throughout the world. On YouTube if the reader searches â€Å" Her By Block B† and â€Å"Heathens By Twenty One Pilots†, both have an enormous amount of views on YouTube (YouTube). Although Heathens was featured in a popular movie, Suicide Squad, which gave them leverage to their popularity. Block B did a fantastic job in popularity due to their inability of beingRead MoreAudience Analysis : Touch My Body 1361 Words   |  6 PagesDerek Hurd Mr. Kelley English 104-17 17 September 2014 Audience Analysis SISTAR is made up of four women Hyolyn, Bora, Soyou, and Dasom. They made their debut in South Korea with the hit song â€Å"Push Push† and have had many other popular songs. One of their most recent singles â€Å"Touch My Body,† is a feel good summer song that targets a couple of different audiences. SISTAR’s song goes after females from the ages of 12 to 25 by using the trendiest fashion, their appearances, and how they carry themselvesRead MoreBeauty Is Not Pain?1704 Words   |  7 Pagesstandards in South Korea are now being define by many K-Pop idols. â€Å"In Seoul, 1 of every 5 women ages 19 to 49 has had some type of plastic surgery, according to a 2009 survey by Trend Monitor† (Chow, NPR). With the media exposing the image of â€Å"perfection† in K-Pop celebrities’ Korean woman’s negative perception of themselves and their bodies goes down leading them to consider cosmetic surgery such that as the Asian Blepharoplasty in orde r to achieve what they process as beautiful. The media, K-Pop celebritiesRead MoreInformative Speech About K-Pop1417 Words   |  6 Pagesbest movie, best music, best musician and many more. Also Bollywood for its unique dance, song and their clothes such as Sari. Now... how about Hallyu wave? Or K-pop? Have you ever heard anything about K-pop? If you don’t know anything about K-pop or have heard some issues about it and you want to know more. I’ll explain some information about K-pop. Just to let you know, I have done a research about K-pop and I have watched some K-pop concerts and I also daily update about K-pop. First, I will

Learning Team Role Identificatiion Paper Free Essays

Running head: LEARNING TEAM ROLE IDENTIFICATION PAPER Learning team role identification paper Tiffany Burrage, Tami Bereki, John Kuespert, Tim Poninski University of Phoenix Interdisciplinary Capstone course GEN/480 Inga Parker Jul 04, 2010 Learning team role identification paper One of the factors that make Justice Inc such a unique organization is the various skills each member has. Each member has a particular job title based off of his or her educations, experience, as well as his or her skills. Tim Poninski is the consultant of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Team Role Identificatiion Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tim’s job is to provide recommendations, facilitation, and training on the development, management, and technological aspects of organization quality improvement efforts at all levels. This is done for Justice Inc as well as out organizations that Justice Inc is consulting with. Tim has expertise and specialties in all aspects of the criminal justice field; therefore Tim is responsible for keeping organizations abreast of any and all changes in the criminal justice field. John Kuespert is the president of the company. John’s responsibilities are to establish the direction for the development and administration of the organizations quality improvement efforts. John consults with peers throughout the organization on a number of different issues. Maintains and develop an environment of continual improvement in all aspects of the organization. John makes sure that organizations that Justice Inc consults for is satisfied with the services rendered. John also oversees the organizations operations to make sure production efficiency, quality, service, and cost effective management of resources. John is responsible for day to day operation in the organization. Tiffany Burrage is the vice president of the organization. Tiffany’s responsibilities are to oversee all aspects of the organization. This includes but is not limited to improvement efforts, which deals with developing and administrating programs. Tiffany’s also is responsible for assuring all employees receive training and coaching. Establishing strategic plans, policies and procedures at all levels for Justice Inc, as well as outside organizations. Tiffany makes sure that the improvements meet or exceed the needs of internal and external customers. Tami Bereki is the auditor of the organization. Tami responsibilities are to primarily evaluate financial information and put in order financial reports for internal and external organizations. Tami also maintains record of resources, liabilities; profit and loss, tax liabilities, as well as other financial activities with thin an organization. Analyze organizations operations, improvement, cost, revenues, financial commitments and obligations. Tami also is responsible for projecting future revenues and expenses and provides advice for organizations. How to cite Learning Team Role Identificatiion Paper, Essays

Nuns offer clues to alzheimers and aging ( on Essay Example For Students

Nuns offer clues to alzheimers and aging ( on Essay an article)Nuns Offer Clues to Alzheimers and AgingBy: Pam BelluckPam Bellucks article entitled Nuns Offer Clues to Alzheimers and Aging focuses on the lives of the School Sisters of Notre Dame and a scientific experiment called the Nun Study. The Nun Study intends to find clues and answers about who gets Alzheimers disease and why. For fifteen years, these nuns have been tested on their ability to memorize, their strength, and even their genes have been analyzed. Dr. Snowdons research has theorized that a positive emotional state of mind earlier in life may lead to a longer, healthier life. But overall, a good portion of this article has little to do with scientific research, and much to do with the lives of nuns. The scientific research that the author does provide is not helpful in fully understanding this experiment. Belluck is not totally committed to this scientific study. Her main interest seems to be fixed on the lives of the nuns in this convent. Pam Bellucks fascination begins in her opening paragraph, where she avidly describes the convent. The description she presents gives the reader the perception that the article is going to portray the lives of nuns. She writes nuns attend Mass and murmur rosaries under a white vaulted dome. The picture she paints in this statement describes a major daily activity in the convent, attending Mass. She is allowing the reader to assume that the article will be about convent life. Not once in her opening paragraph does she mention anything about a scientific study, the main intention of the article. The author of this article then goes on to explain the scientific experiment, but she barely sites the scientific research performed. In the third paragraph of the article she writes, And as they have died, their brains have been removed and shipped in plastic tubs to a laboratory where they are analyzed and stored in jars. She tells the reader that the nuns brains are being researched, but she does not state the cause. What are the scientists trying to prove by analyzing these brains? She leaves this question unanswered. This article shows various signs of weakness in the area of scientific research. Another example of this is found towards the middle of the article when she goes on to explain the daily testing the nuns perform. They undergo physical and cognitive testing, and afterwards the nuns receive reports of their results to see if their performance has altered. Belluck tells the reader that the nuns are being administered tests, but she never states the information regarding the test results. The reader is then left wondering about the results of these tests. The article does not go on to explain if these tests are producing any scientific data. This is a very important component of this study, and she simply left it out. Belluck does a poor job of analyzing the scientific research performed by Dr. Snowdon and his team. She leaves statements unclear and thoughts u nfinished. Her main focus appears to be on nun life. The article is supposed to focus on elderly nuns being analyzed in an effort to provide answers about Alzheimers disease and the aging process. Instead, Belluck decides to centralize on the nuns themselves. The School Sisters are white and eat in convent cafeterias, she writes, and most were teachers in Catholic schools. This statement is completely unessential and unrelated to the title of this article. There is no connection between the nuns eating in convent cafeterias and Alzheimers disease. This is an example of useless information in this article. But since Pam Belluck holds more interest in nun life, she feels that she must include that statement in her article, even though it does not pertain to the main point, Alzheimers disease. The author seems to feel as though the reader should be fascinated by the nuns lives. She goes on to write about Sister Nicolette, age 93, who reads, knits, plays card games, and until a recent fall was walking several miles a day with no cane or wa lker. Belluck goes on for several paragraphs about Sister Nicolette, her sisters, and what they are capable of. It is great that Sister Nicolette can still do all these things at her age, but it is unnecessary to put all this information in the article. Belluck also seems very interested in another nun, Sister Esther, age 106. Two consecutive paragraphs are written about Sister Esther, neither paragraph pertaining to any ideas or issues related to Alzheimers disease. Belluck loses focus on the real intent of her article and goes off on a tangent about these nuns. The article was meant to talk about the correlation between Alzheimers disease and these elderly nuns, not their personal lives. Pam Bellucks interest in the lives of nuns is clearly shown throughout the article. Her primary concern was supposed to be based on the Nun Study, but instead her main focus turned out to be on the nuns. Too much unnecessary information was written about the nuns, and not enough was said about the scientific experiment. She continually loses focus on the central propose of the article, the connection between these nuns and Alzheimers disease. This article lacked confidence and certainty. Dr. Snowdon and his team seem to have gathered a lot of helpful information on the topic of Alzheimers disease and aging, but Bellucks great interest in nun life seemed to override the ideas of this scientific experiment. Pam Belluck should have been more focused on the real issue at hand, rather then to write about her interest.

The 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader free essay sample

The 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader Reaction Paper A leader is all I ever wanted to be. But wishing to be one and doing something to be one makes a big difference. That is what I learn while listening to Prof. Ace when his discussing about this book. Everyone has a choice, either to be a just a dreamer or a doer. And for me to be able to be the leader I wanted to be, being a doer is my only option. And according to the book, there are 21 qualities a leader must possess. Character| Focus| Relationships| Charisma | Generosity| Responsibility| Commitment| Initiative| Security| Communication| Listening | Self-Discipline | Competence| Passion| Servanthood | Courage| Positive Attitude | Teachability| Discernment| Problem Solving| Vision| I wholehearted agree that all those qualities are important to make up a very astounding leader, but is it really possible for a person to acquire all those qualities? This book actually opened my eyes for many things. We will write a custom essay sample on The 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Like a great leader continually pushes the limits within himself but considers that, successfully meeting the needs of others, is the ultimate test of strength within. Taking initiative is something that I believe to be foundational to being a good leader. Without willingness and follow-through to move toward a vision of what can be, success will never follow. Self Discipline was a quality that challenged me to be aware of conquering myself in areas that need to change. I must continually be evaluating myself, challenging my excuses, and keeping myself focused on the results. The other aspect of self discipline that impacts me is the idea of time. Daily we must _make_ time to do what is important; do what will help us accomplish our goals; do what will make a difference. Servanthood is one of the traits that I most desire to exhibit both as a leader and as a person. The root of true servanthood lies in a concern for others, a willingness to put others ahead of our own agendas. One point with which I agreed was that Leaders must possess a confidence to serve others. I dont really see Vision as something that is learned, though one could learn how to focus and shape a vision. I do see it as something that comes from within. Two qualities that impacted me were focus and initiative. Every day we see successful people on television or in the newspaper or we come into contact with them in our daily lives. It is easy to look at these people and imagine ourselves as being as successful as they are. Although some of these people may not have the best character, they might not be the best listeners, and they might not all be easy to get along with, one thing that truly successful people all seem to have is initiative and focus. This is because in order to accomplish anything in life, you must take the first step toward accomplishing it. The world is full of people who want to have success who have a clear vision of what that success is. However, most of them do not have the initiative to start on the road toward accomplishing that success. Once you start on that road, it is even more difficult to stay focused and follow it through to the end. The world is also filled with distractions and people vying for your time. This is why I found these two traits to be the most important ones. All in all, for me what really makes a leader is the fact that the leader became great because he is a person who can not settle with just enough, he by definition is one who will always push himself and his organization to greater heights of efficiency, growth, and success. Conquering himself, his weaknesses and fears, that is the kind of man people would want to follow. A man who doesn’t risk everything for his own credit but for the goodness of his people. Leaders are those who have the most number of successes and the most number of failures. But to give up is never an option. Those who give up never knew how close they are on achieving success before they quit. Even an ordinary man who doesn’t finished college could be a great leader if he possesses great desire and passion. He must know how to communicate the message across. It doesn’t only matter what you say but also how you say it. First, believe in what you say. Second, live what you say. You also have to conquer your fears and be courageous. Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do, there is no courage unless you’re scared. For me the ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. Be a rightful leader and your people will follow you wherever you go.

Use of Social Media free essay sample

Web-based technologies that support the social architecture of a community and enhance the effectiveness and value of personal interactions continue to emerge. As proposed by Bruns (2008), â€Å"the World Wide Web has been radically transformed, shifting from an information repository to a more social environment where users are not only passive receivers or active harvesters of information, but also creators of content† (p. 22). Web-based technologies now encompass the socializing features of virtual spaces that have emerged as zones for information sharing, collaboration, and community formation and extension (Suter, Alexander, Kaplan, 2005). Social media, derived from the social software movement, are a collection of Internet websites, services, and practices that support collaboration, community building, participation, and sharing (Junco, Heibergert, Loken, 2010). As defined by Bryer and Zavatarro (2001), â€Å"Social media are technologies that facilitate social interaction, make possible collaboration, and enable deliberation across stakeholders† (p. 327). These technologies now include blogs, wikis, media (audio, photo, video, text) sharing tools, networking platforms (including Facebook), and virtual worlds (Bryer Zavatarro, 2001). We will write a custom essay sample on Use of Social Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The use of social media has surged globally in recent years. As of July 2011, Facebook passed 750 million users, LinkedIn had over 100 million members, Twitter had over 177 million tweets per day, and YouTube reached three billion views per day (Chen Bryer, 2012). Despite * Dr. Retta Guy has an Ed. D. in Curriculum and Instruction with emphasis in Instructional Systems Design from the University of Kentucky. Currently, she is an Associate Professor in the Department of Business Information Systems at Tennessee State University in Nashville. Distance education, specifically online and mobile teaching and learning, serve as the basis for her current research for which she has presented at conferences and published nearly 40 articles, books, and book chapters, collectively. Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2012 1 Kentucky Journal of Higher Education Policy and Practice, Vol. 1, Iss. 2 [2012], Art. 7 the popularity social media for personal use, however, a low percentage of students and faculty use them for academic practice (Lenhart, et al. , 2010; Tiryakioglu Erzurum, 2010; Chen Bryer, 2010). As educators look for ways to engage and motivate students, social media technologies are becoming a viable supplement to the traditional learning environment (Ebner, Lienhardt, Rohs, Meyer, 2010). Also, educators are examining the combination of distance education delivery with instructional social media, thus, providing new approaches to teaching and learning that blend pedagogy and technology (Brady, Holcomb, Smith, 2010; Lee McLoughlin, 2010; Veletsianos Navarrete, 2012). The purpose of this literature review is to examine the use of social media in higher education. Specifically, this article reports on: (a) the use of social media by students and faculty; (b) the use of social media for academic practice in both traditional and distance learning formats; and (c) the pros and cons of using social media for academic practice. Previous reviews of the literature have suggested that access to technology is inequitable (Jackson, Ervin, Gardner, Schmitt, 2001; Morgan VanLegen, 2005) and that students of color are less likely to use technology, and therefore, have fewer opportunities to use social media tools than their white peers (Volman van Eck, 2001). As such, this article reviews recent research on the use of technology and social media by students of color, and potential inequities in the use of social media for academic practice. Social Media Use by Students Today’s college students (which consist of Baby Boomers, Generation Xers, and Millennials) are exposed to all types of technologies in many aspects of their lives (Browning, Gerlich, Westermann, 2011). On a daily basis they use desktop computers, laptops, e-readers, tablets, and cell phones to actively engage in social networking, text messaging, blogging, ttp://uknowledge. uky. edu/kjhepp/vol1/iss2/7 2 Guy: The Use of Social Media content sharing, online learning, and much more (Cassidy, Griffin, Manolovitz, Shen, Turney, 2011). As documented in recent research, students and faculty are using these emerging technologies and platforms in all facets of their daily lives, specifically social media (Browning, et al. 2011; Chen Bryer, 2012); yet, a low percentage of u sers are engaging in such for academic practice (Chen Bryer, 2010; Lenhart, et al. , 2010; Tiryakioglu Erzurum, 2010). A recent report from the Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, Zickuhr, 2010) highlights the use of social media in the United States. A cohort of 2,253 adults (18 and older) was surveyed in September, 2009. The findings indicate that 72% of survey respondents use social networking sites with an increase in the number of profiles maintained on multiple sites compared to the prior year. Among profile owners, Facebook is currently the social network of choice (73%), whereas only 48% and 14% maintain profiles on MySpace and LinkedIn, respectively. Additionally, 19% of the survey respondents use Twitter while only 4% use virtual worlds such as Second Life. A number of survey respondents reported participating in content creation activities with 30% â€Å"sharing† selfcreated content such as photos, videos, and artwork; 15% â€Å"remixing† material such as songs or images to showcase their artistic abilities; and 11% â€Å"blogging† to inform, update, or notify readers about specific topics and/or events. Liu (2010) investigated students’ use of different social media tools and their attitudes and perceptions towards these tools. The author sought to identify the knowledge and trends of using 16 social media tools that included Facebook, Wiki, YouTube, Bulleting Board, LinkedIn, Blogs, Twitter, Podcasts, Virtual Worlds, RSS, StumbleUpon, Netlog, Delicious, Digg, Plurk, and Jaiku. Through an online survey, 221 students were asked to rate their knowledge level of each social media tool using a Likert scale of 1-4 (1=not at all knowledgeable, 2=somewhat Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2012 3 Kentucky Journal of Higher Education Policy and Practice, Vol. , Iss. 2 [2012], Art. 7 knowledgeable, 3=knowledgeable, and 4=very knowledgeable). The results revealed the following: (a) 82%, 77%, and 70% were either â€Å"very knowledgeable† or â€Å"knowledgeable† about YouTube, Wiki, and Facebook, respectively; (b) 42%, 41%, and 39% were â€Å"somewhat knowledgeable† about podcasts, blogs, and forums, respectively; and (c) 42%, 40% and 25% were â€Å"not at all knowledgeable† about vi rtual worlds, RSS, and Twitter, respectively. The study results also revealed the top four reasons why students use social media tools. As reported, 85% use such tools for social engagement, 56% use them for direct communications, 48% use them for speed of feedback/results, and 47% use them for relationship building; however, fewer than 10% of the students mentioned using social media tools for academic practice. In a similar study, Browning, Gerlich, and Westermann (2011) surveyed 141 undergraduate students regarding their perceptions and beliefs about social media. A paper-andpencil survey revealed strong favorable perceptions of social media in general and a high degree of readiness to embrace social media portals as a way to deliver course content. Poellhuber and Anderson (2011) worked together to conduct a study aimed at describing the use of and interest in social media. A 90-item online questionnaire was completed by 3,462 students between July, 2009 and February, 2010. The demographic characteristics constitute a large percentage of females (75. 3%) and students of varying ages categorized by five 8-year spans: Generation Z, 16-24 (37. 2%); Generation Y, 25-32 (27. 2%); Generation X2, 33-40 (16. 1%); Generation X1, 41-48 (10. 5%); and Baby Boomers, 49 and over (5. 3%). In terms of user proficiency, the results revealed that a significant percentage of study respondents reported being either advanced or expert users of social networking (69. 5%), video sharing (52. 9%), photo sharing (33. 7%) and blogging (25. 4%) tools. Quite the reverse was reported for social bookmarking, virtual worlds, electronic portfolios, tweeting, Web conferencing, podcasting, and http://uknowledge. uky. edu/kjhepp/vol1/iss2/7 4 Guy: The Use of Social Media wikis, as respondents self-professed lower levels of proficiency with such tools. In terms of interest in using social media for academic practice, the study respondents demonstrated a higher interest in using those social media tools for which they were most familiar. Ranked by the percentage of interested respondents, the list includes the following: video sharing (58. 2%), social networking (52. 8%), Web conferencing (42. 6%), blogging (40. 2%), photo sharing (36. 4%), podcasting (33. 7%), wikis (31. 3%), electronic portfolios (28. 5%), virtual worlds (19. 4%), tweeting (18. 5%), and social bookmarking (18. 1%). Early studies were conducted to determine if digital divides of access and use exists. In their ethnographic research on social networking sites, Boyd Ellison (2007) found that students of color were just as likely to join sites as White students from wealthier backgrounds. Hargittai (2007) also examined a sample of college students and found that race did not have a significant relationship as to whether students used social networking sites. Ahn (2011) conducted a study regarding students of color to determine if traditional digital divide indicators such as Internet access or parent education precluded the use of social media technologies by students of color. The results revealed that such indicators were not significant predictors of social media use by students of color; however, the frequency of use by ethnic minorities remained lower than those of White students. Guy (2011) focused on the use of social media by students of color at several historically Black colleges (HBCs), a population that is underrepresented in the literature. The first study queried 261 undergraduate students regarding their personal use of social networking sites. Eighty-seven percent of the study participants surveyed reported having subscribed to either Facebook or MySpace while only 13% said they participate on Web sites as bloggers. Students were also asked to report their frequency of usage with specific online activities relating to social Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2012 5 Kentucky Journal of Higher Education Policy and Practice, Vol. 1, Iss. 2 [2012], Art. 7 networking. The results revealed that 53% of the students reported using Facebook and/or MySpace on a daily basis. Blogging was the activity students reported performing the least at 5% daily. A second, separate but related, study surveyed 155 students at a single HBC to determine the likelihood of students going online to actively engage in the use of a social networking. The results revealed that 5. 5% were not at all likely, 7. 1% not very likely, 11. 6% somewhat likely, 23. 2% likely, and 42. 6% were almost certain of going online to use social networking sites. The same study reported that the majority of students (68%) subscribe to either Facebook and/or MySpace, 53% access these sites daily, and 18% reported frequent usage. Summary Specific indicators have emerged with respect to student use of social media technologies. In summary, this review has revealed the following: The use of social media by students for academic practice is surpassed by its use for social engagement, direct communications, and relationship building (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, Zickuhr, 2010). A larger percentage of female students use social media technologies (Poellhuber Anderson, 2001) despite past studies that have reported that male students generally demonstrate more competence and a favorable attitude toward the use of technology (Jackson, Ervin, Gardner, Schmitt, 2001; Miller, Schweingruber, Brandenburg, 2000). A large percentage of social media use and expertise lies with college students between the ages of 18-24, also known as Generation Z (Poellhuber Anderson, 2011). http://uknowledge. uky. edu/kjhepp/vol1/iss2/7 6 Guy: The Use of Social Media Facebook and YouTube are the two most commonly used social media technologies among all students (Guy, 2011; Poellhuber Anderson, 2011). The Use of Social Media in Traditional and Distance Learning Environments The growing interest in social dimensions of learning has led educators and instructional designers to examine the integration of social media in both raditional and distance learning environments. The following sections examine the current research literature on the use of social media by faculty, and the use of social media for academic practice in a variety of ways that include sharing of resources, collaborative learning, inquiry-based learning and reflective learning. Social Media and Faculty Despite the worldwide growth of social me dia for personal use, educators have been slow to utilize social media technologies for academic practice. The Faculty Survey of Student Engagement (FSSE, 2010) surveyed 4,600 faculty members from 50 U. S. olleges and universities and discovered that over 80% of the faculty had never used social media technologies such as blogs, wikis, Google docs, video conferencing, video games, or virtual worlds. Through telephone interviews, Chen and Bryer (2012) documented the perceptions and experiences regarding social media of 57 faculty members from 28 universities across the United States. The results indicated 100% use of social media either for personal, academic, research, or professional purposes, with the majority using Facebook for personal communication and LinkedIn for professional connections. Further probing regarding social media use for academic practice revealed that activities were designed as informal, open, and self-regulated reinforcements to classroom teaching. That is, participation in such activities was an option and Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2012 7 Kentucky Journal of Higher Education Policy and Practice, Vol. 1, Iss. 2 [2012], Art. 7 the use of conventional assessment (e. g. quizzes, tests) was absent. Major issues prohibiting further use of social media for academic practice point to time constraints and faculty workloads, cyber security and privacy issues, cyberbullying, and assessment strategies. The published literature regarding faculty use of social media for academic practice cite cyber security, cyberbullying and faculty workloads for the lack of innovative practice; moreover, when used by faculty as a supplemental tool, social media activities were informal, open, and self-regulated (Chen Bryer, 2012). Similar to student use, faculty are using social media technologies for personal communication, information sharing, and professional connections (Chen Bryer, 2012; Tiryakioglu Erzurum, 2010). Traditional Learning Environments Junco, Heibergert, and Loken (2010) examined the link between social media use and student engagement. The semester-long study consisted of two groups, experimental and control. With the experimental group, Twitter was used for various types of academic and co-curricular discussions, class and campus event reminders, faculty and student connections, providing academic and personal support, and organizing service learning projects and study groups for 70 students. Ning, a social networking site, was used to deliver the same course information to the control group of 55 students. Analyses of Twitter exchanges and survey responses showed that: (1) the experimental group had significantly greater increase in engagement and (2) both faculty and students were highly engaged in the teaching and learning process. Daniel George (2011) developed a mini course entitled â€Å"Friending Facebook† for 15 healthcare students at Penn State. The mini course was designed with the use of a variety of social media tools as a means to provide participants with content through anecdotes and examples. For instance: http://uknowledge. ky. edu/kjhepp/vol1/iss2/7 8 Guy: The Use of Social Media Really Simple Syndication (RSS) readers – were used to track clinical trial data from multiple journals, to follow blogs originated by researchers, and to receive news and relevant literature regarding the latest trends in the healthcare industry. Twitter – was used to share and receive information from colleagues, health organization, and patients. Facebook and LinkedIn à ¢â‚¬â€œ were used as the course platform for networking among peers, faculty and medical professionals. Google Resources (Alerts, Mail, and Realtime) – were used as search tools that indexed Facebook posts and Twitter tweets and provided social updates on healthcare topics from around the world. George (2011) conducted course evaluation which revealed that the majority of the participants were open to experimenting further with RSS readers and Google alerts; however, many expressed resistance to using the other social media tools on the grounds that they invite violations of patient privacy laws such as Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Deng and Yuen (2010) explored the role of academic blogs in supporting a group of 19 pre-service teachers in Hong Kong. Specifically, the purpose of the study was to investigate the pros and cons of using blogs to support self-expression, self-reflection, social interaction, and reflective dialogue among pre-service teachers. Xanga, a free commercial blogging platform, was used as a means of documenting, sharing, and reflecting on their teaching practice experiences. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through blog frequency counts, questionnaires and interviews. The investigation revealed that only 13 pre-service teachers wrote 75 blogs entries with 62 comments exchanged; 13 participants acknowledged the values of blogs Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2012 9 Kentucky Journal of Higher Education Policy and Practice, Vol. 1, Iss. 2 [2012], Art. 7 with respect to self-expression, self-reflection, and the documentation of experiences; and 12 pre-service teachers felt more connected through blogging when compared to the teaching practice in the previous year. Distance Learning Environments Brady, Holcomb, and Smith (2010) examined 52 graduate students’ attitudes toward and perceptions of social media at North Carolina State University. Ning in Education Network was created specifically for the College of Education to use in distance learning formats to include one fully asynchronous course and two hybrid, synchronous courses. The networking site was used as a core technological component in the fully online course and as a supplement component in the hybrid courses. Ning served as the venue for sharing and discussing courserelated topics and for fostering collaborative connections across content areas. An online survey revealed that 70% of study participants in the fully online asynchronous course â€Å"agreed† that Ning allowed for more frequent collaboration compared to a face-to-face course and 82% â€Å"agreed† that the use of Ning was beneficial when communicating outside of the classroom. When comparing the Ning-enhanced, hybrid courses to traditional face-to-face courses, 42% believed that Ning allowed them to communicate more effectively; 74% felt that Ning allowed for more time to effectively reflect and comment on other student posts; and 50% â€Å"agreed† that Ning in Education was more convenient than face-to-face classes for sharing and discussing ideas. Manan, Alias, and Pandian (2012) explored the possibility of blending a traditional, faceto-face course with online instruction using Facebook. The study participants included 30 thirdyear undergraduates enrolled in an Introduction to Critical Thinking course at a public university in Malaysia. Facebook was used as a platform for group discussions and chat, out-of-class http://uknowledge. uky. edu/kjhepp/vol1/iss2/7 10 Guy: The Use of Social Media activities, uploading documents, and sharing information by posting texts, videos, pictures, and links. Based on the survey conducted using the poll question feature, the majority of students enthusiastically accepted the use of Facebook as a tool for online learning and found it to be both interesting and enjoyable. Additionally, students reported that the different approach to learning enhanced their understanding of theories and concepts relative to critical thinking. Similarly, McCarthy (2009) explored blending virtual and physical learning environments to enhance the experiences of 120 freshmen design students through social and academic interaction. Facebook served as the host site to facilitate interaction through online forums and for submitting assignments. The evaluation process involved pre- and post-semester quetionnaires, weekly feedback from students nd project-specific reflections. The findings suggest that â€Å"students were able to develop academic relationships freed from the constraints of the classroom and their own inhibitions, and over the semester online discussions evolved from formal academic critiques to informal social interactions† (McCarthy, 2009, p. 732). Veletsianos and Navarrete (2012) describe the experiences of 10 graduate students in an online course fac ilitated through Elgg, an open source framework that encompasses such tools as blogs, social bookmarks, collaborative document authoring, and microblogging. The study was conducted at a large public university in the United States and falls within the broad framework of the interpretive research paradigm in which the case study method was employed. As part of the course requirements, students watched and listened to video resources shared by the instructor and responded to self-reflective questions and comments on blogs and social bookmarks. Additionally, students created personal profiles and â€Å"friend† lists, posted status updates, followed activity streams, and subscribed to be notified of other users’ actions within the environment. The data corpus consisted of personal interviews and survey responses. The Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2012 11 Kentucky Journal of Higher Education Policy and Practice, Vol. 1, Iss. 2 [2012], Art. 7 results revealed the complexities of implementing social networking technologies in online enviroments in which the study participants (a) predominantly found value in peer collaboration and support, yet, (b) limited their participation to course-related and graded activities, exhibiting little use of social networking and sharing. Summary Educators are utilizing social media as an instructional medium to blend informal learning into formal learning environments (Brady, et al. , 2010; Deng and Yuen, 2010; George, 2011; Junco, et al. , 2010; Manan, et al. , 2012; McCarthy, 2009; Velestsianos Navarrete, 2012). Additionally, faculty are using social media to facilitate a participatory culture among students (Brady, et al. , 2010; Junco, et al. , 2010; Manan, et al. 2012) as well as providing opportunities for self-expression, self-reflection, and social interaction (Deng Yuen, 2010; McCarthy, 2009; Velestsianos Navarrete, 2012) in both traditional and distance learning environments. Social Media Use for Academic Practice—Pros and Cons There is an ongoing debate regarding the integration of social media in education. Advocates of social media usage point to the benefits of using social media for academic practice while critics are calling for regulations and/or the removal of such online technologies in t he classroom. Finding middle ground has become a challenge. Pros Proponents argue that contemporary college students have become habituated to a world where social media is the norm; thereby, as an educational tool, social media enriches the learning experience by allowing students and instructors to exchange ideas, foster collaboration and discussion, and engage and interact using such emerging social platforms (Lederer, 2012; http://uknowledge. uky. edu/kjhepp/vol1/iss2/7 12 Guy: The Use of Social Media Turkle, 2004). Lederer (2012) outlines several benefits to using social media in education. First, she argues that social media is an effective way to increase student engagement and build communication skills by allowing students to feel more comfortable expressing themselves in a less intimidating environment. Secondly, Lederer believes that social media can improve communication between students and instructors, while the latter can answer students’ questions, post homework assignments and lesson plans, send messages and updates, schedule or announce upcoming events, and share Web sites and multimedia content. Finally, Lederger points to students use of social networking sites to find employment by establishing a professional Web presence, posting a resume, and researching potential employers. Cons Despite the aforementioned benefits, critics argue that there are serious risks to using socia media in the classroom. Furthermore, educators and instructional designers believe that social media technologies are not always appropriate nor successful vehicles for teaching and learning activities (Waycott, Bennett, Kennedy, Dalgarno, Gray, 2010). Lederer (2012) cites the following as reasons to censure the integration of social media for academic practice. First, she suggest that social media can be a distraction. A common complaint among instructors is that tools such as Facebook and Twitter divert students’ attention from classroom participation and utilimately are disruptive to the learning process. Secondly, while social networking sites provide ways for students and instructors to connect, Lederer argues that cyberbullying can be used as a weapon for malicious behavior. Finally, Lederer argues that social media discourages face-to-face communication, that is, â€Å"while real-time digital stream may create a safe harbor for students who are uncomfortable expressing themselves, students are missing valuable lessons in real-life social skills† (Lederer, 2012, p. 2). Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2012 13 Kentucky Journal of Higher Education Policy and Practice, Vol. 1, Iss. 2 [2012], Art. 7 Additional challenges that may arise when using social media in education include workload concerns for faculty and students, lack of trust in peer feedback, ownership isues regarding public and collaborative spaces, and difficulty in adapting publicly available tools (Schroeder, et al. , 2010). Another challenge concerns suitability and appropriate integration of social media technologies into curriculum. For successful integration, social media technologies should become a seamless part of the curriculum and not just an additional means of communication (Lester Perini, 2010). Technology infrastructure also pose challenges for using social media to engage students. Third-party Web-based innovations are a major concern for most colleges and universities because the information is stored outside secure campus servers, yet, an alternative arrangement such as the development of a social networking site may be too costly for most institutions of higher learning (Lester Perini, 2010). While the debate continues regarding the pros (socialization, engagement of students, development of a community, collaborative and reflective learning, peer-to-peer support and feedback, employment resource, and information management) and cons (cyberbullying, ownership issues, workload issues, lack of student engagement, lack of trust in peer feedback, and technology infrastructure issues) of using social media for academic practice, no one can argue the influence that social networking has on todays students (Lederer, 2012; Lester Perini, 2010; Schroeder, et al. 2010; Turkle, 2004). Conclusion The growing interest in social media has led educators to examine its use for academic practice. As institutions of higher learning are challenged to enhance collaborative learning and community building amongst students, Minocha (2009) recommends that educators make use of â€Å"tools that facilitate collaborative authoring, such as blogs and wikis; applications that enable http://uknowle dge. uky. edu/kjhepp/vol1/iss2/7 14 Guy: The Use of Social Media sharing of bookmarks, photographs and videos . . . ; social networking platforms such as Facebook, Elgg and Ning; and virtual worlds, such as Second Life that facilitate synchronous collaboration† (p. 248). The reviewed literature suggests that social media holds promise for academia. As reported throughout the current review, students have diverse beliefs, perceptions and experiences with regard to social media technologies. Many of the studies reported a willingness among students to incorporate social media into their learning experiences (Lenhart, et al. , 2010; Liu, 2010; Poellhuber Anderson, 2011; Westermann, 2011). Likewise, the majority of faculty were supportive of utilizing social media not only to enhance student engagement but also to provide course content in a more active and participatory role (Chen Bryer, 2012; FSSE, 2010; Tiryakioglu Erzurum, 2010). The current review continues the tradition of digital divide scholarship by discussing issues of equality and opportunity for using social media technologies. Several studies presented report a non-significant difference when comparing access and use of social media tools between students of color and White students; however, as new media emerge, questions of who is accessing and using such technologies will remain paramount if we are to be successful in utilizing social media for academic practice. With respect to the traditional classroom environment, faculty and instructional designers have successfully utilized social media technologies for various types of academic activities that include collaborative learning, inquiry-based learning and reflective learning (Deng Yuen, 2010; George, 2011; Junco, et al. , 2010). Based on students’ responses, it is evident that using social media in distance learning environments allowed for increased collaboration, communication, and interaction through blogging, document sharing, networking, tweeting, and Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2012 15 Kentucky Journal of Higher Education Policy and Practice, Vol. 1, Iss. 2 [2012], Art. 7 social bookmarking (Brady, et al. , 2010; Manan, et al. , 2012; McCarthy, 2009; Veletsianos Navarrete, 2012). Despite its popularity among students for personal use, there is an ongoing debate concerning the role of social media in education. Advocates point to enhanced student engagement, enriched learning experiences, and increased communications as reasons to incorporate social technologies in the learning environment (Lederer, 2012; Turkle, 2004) while critics cite cyberbullying, faculty and student workloads, and technology infrastructure issues as reasons to censure the concept of social media in education (Lederer, 2012; Waycott, et al. , 2010). The published research on the effectiveness of social media in teaching and learning is limited to the use of discussions, chats, blogs, and wikis; therefore, the need exists for further exploration in determining how other social media platforms can be used for academic practice. The review of literature presented only began to delve below the surface with social media. 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